中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
检察公益诉讼将在个人信息保护方面呈现三个转型******
光明网讯（记者 李政葳）在近日举行的“2022啄木鸟数据治理论坛”上数字经济专场上，南都个人信息保护研究课题组发布的《个人信息安全年度报告（2022）》，从隐私政策、权限获取、SDK收集使用个人信息、个人信息的复制转移、个性化展示等方面，对150款App进行测评；另外，还对四个应用商店的App上架审核情况进行测评。
报告实测，App隐私政策透明度比去年有所提升，八成App得分超过及格线。但仍有三成App首次使用时收集非必要权限，近八成App超频率采集个人信息，不足一成App在15天内提供个人信息副本。
在论坛期间举办的“个人信息保护专场”上，最高人民检察院第八检察厅副厅长邱景辉表示，检察公益诉讼在个人信息保护领域将有三个转型：一是推动个人信息数据安全治理模式从事后惩戒向事前预防转型，明确将个人信息数据安全纳入公共安全体系，实行更加严密的保护；二是从惩治个人信息犯罪向督促履行政府监管责任和企业主体责任转型，监督保障个人信息保护法等相关法律统一正确实施；三是从重点加强对特定群体的特别保护向全面保护个人信息权益转型，贯彻落实国家人权行动计划，加强对公民权利司法保护。
腾讯研究院首席数据法律政策专家王融表示，个人信息保护法施行一年以来，行业合规水平有了显著提升。比如，合规理念的全面树立，从法务人员到一线产品经理，均将个保合规工作置于首位；用户感知的全面改善，从隐私政策、信息清单到知情同意选择，面向用户更加透明；技术能力的全面加强，用技术为隐私合规工作赋能成为趋势。
App是否可能通过技术“暗箱操作”，非法获取用户个人信息？北京汉华飞天信安科技总经理彭根对App合规中常受关注的存储、关联启动和后台获取三个技术点进行了剖析。
他举例说，App存储数据并不一定需要存储权限，若要对其他App的目录进行写入、删除等操作，则还需用户二次确认。用户只需做到简单一步——使用新版本的操作系统，就能基本保证App个人信息安全。他建议，开发者坚持告知与行为一致的原则，用更好的服务而不是技术来提高用户“保活率”。
中国电子技术标准化研究院网络安全研究中心测评实验室副主任何延哲提到，我国对App治理非常重视，从2019年起每年都在持续开展专项行动。“随着我们App合规工作提升情况，监管方向也有所优化和调整。”何延哲说。
